Class 6th History Chapter 10 New Empires and Kingdoms

 NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science History Chapter 10 New Empires and Kingdoms

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Question 1.

State whether true or false:

A). Harishena composed a prashasti, in praise of Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.

B). The rulers of Aryavarta brought tribute for Samudragupta.

C). There were twelve rulers in Dakshinapatha.

D). Taxila and Madurai were important centres under the control of the Gupta rulers.

E). Aihole was the capital of the Pallavas.

F). Local assemblies functioned for several centuries in south India.

Answer:

A). False

B). True

C). True

D). False

E). False

F). True.

Question 2.

Mention three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana.

Answer:

The following three authors wrote about Harshavardhana:

•Banabhatta

•Xuan Zang (Hien T-Sanga)

•Ravikirti ‘

It is claimed by some historians that Harshavardhana, himself also wrote some books about himself and the people of his kingdom. (Any three)

Question 3.

What changes do you find in the army at this time?

Answer:

1. We find the following changes in the army at this time:

2. A permanent army was kept by the king or the ruler. This was well organized.

3. Soldiers used different kinds of weapons such as battle-axes, arrows, spikes, spears, barbed dats, swords, iron clubs, javelins, barbed arrows, long arrows, etc.

4. Elephants, Chariots, Cavalry were used along with foot soldiers in the royal ground.

5. Besides, there were military leaders who provided the king with troops whenever he (the king) needed them. They were not paid regular salaries. Instead, some of them received grants of land. They collected revenue from the land and used this to maintain soldiers and horses, and provide equipment for warfare. These men were known as Samantas. Whenever the ruler was weak Samantas tried to become independent.

Question 4.

What were the new7 administrative arrangements during this period?

Answer:

The following new administrative arrangements were noticed during this period:

1. Kings adopted a number of steps to win the support of men who were powerful, either economically, or socially, or because of political and military strength.

2. Some important administrative posts were now hereditary. This means that sons succeeded fathers to these posts. For example, the poet Harishena was a maha- danda-nayaka, or chief judicial officer, like his father.

3. Sometimes, one person held many offices. For example, besides being a Maha- danda-nayak Harishena was a Kumar-amatya, meaning an important minister, and a Sandhi-Vigrahika meaning a minister of war and peace.

4. Besides, important men probably had a say in local administration. These included the nagara-shreshthi or chief banker or merchant of the city, the Sarthavaha or leader of the merchant caravans, the Prathama-Kulika or the chief craftsman, and the head of the Kayasthas or scribes.

Class 6th History Chapter 9 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

 NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science History Chapter 9 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

Question 1. Match the following:

A). Muvendar          i).Mahayana Buddhism

B). Lords of the Dakshinapatha                                                    ii). Buddhacharita

C). Ashvaghosha    iii). Satavahana rulers

D). Bodhisattvas     iv). Chinese pilgrim

E). Xuan Zang          v).Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas

Answer:

A). Muvendar ———— v).Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas

B). Lords of the Dakshinapatha ————iii). Satavahana rulers

C). Ashvaghosha————— ii). Buddhacharita

D). Bodhisattvas————— i). Mahayana Buddhism

E). Xuan Zang————— iv). Chinese pilgrim

 Question 2.

Why did kings want to control the Silk Route?

Answer:

Kings wanted to control the Silk Route because they could benefit from taxes, tributes and gifts that were brought by traders and the pdople along the route.

Question 3.

What kinds of evidence do historians use to find out about trade and trade routes?

Answer:

The historians use the following evidences to find out about trade and trade routes:

1. Archaeologists have collected information about the Northern Black Polished Ware. They have provided information about bowls and plates which were found from several sites throughout the subcontinent. They guess that traders might have been carried from the place where they were made, to other places.

2. Historians find evidence of trade in Sangam poems (or literary works). Here is one example which describes the goods brought into Puhar an important port on the east coast:

♠ Swift prancing horses by sea in ships

♠ bales of black pepper in carts

♠ gems and gold born in the Himalayas

♠ sandalwood born in the western hills

♠ the pearls of the southern seas

♠ corals from the eastern occeans

♠ the yield of the Ganga and the crops from the Kaveri

♠ foodstuffs from Sri Lanka

♠ pottery from Myanmar and other rare and rich imports.

3. Using different historical sources the historians tell us that south India was famous for gold, spices, especially pepper, and precious stones. Pepper was particularly valued in the Roman empire, so much so that it was known as black gold. So, Indian traders carried many of these goods in ships, across the sea, and in caravans, to Rome. Many Roman gold coins have been found in south India. These coins are considered great proofs of trade relations between ancient India and Roman empire.

4. Traders explored several sea routes along the coasts. Other routes passed across the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, where sailors took advantage of the monsoon winds to cross the seas more quickly. So, if they desired to reach the western coast of the subcontinent from East Africa or Arabia, they chose to sail with the south west monsoon.

Question 4.

What were the main features of Bhakti?

Answer:

i). Bhakti is generally understood as a person’s devotion to his or her chosen deity.

ii). The idea of Bhakti is present in the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred book of the Hindus.

iii). In the Bhagavad Gita (which is included in the Mahabharata), Krishna the God, asks Arjuna, his devotee and friend, to abandon all dharmas and take refuge in him, as only he can set Arjuna free from every evil.

iv). Those who followed the system of Bhakti emphasized devotion and individual worship of a single god or goddess, rather than the performance of elaborate sacrifices.

v). Deities who were worshipped through Bhakti included Shiva, Vishnu and goddesses such as Durga. This form of worship became an important feature of Hinduism.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

 NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 8 India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife

1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a)Which winds bring rainfall in India? Why is it so important?

(b)Name the different seasons in India.

(c)What is natural vegetation?

(d)Name the different types of vegetation found in

(e)What is the difference between evergreen forest and deciduous forest?

(f)Why is tropical rainforest also called evergreen forest?

Answers:

(a) Monsoon winds bring rainfall in India. Agriculture in India depends on rains. Good monsoons mean sufficient rain and a good crop. Hence, monsoon winds Eire very importantly. Our prosperity depends on these winds.

(b) The different seasons in India are:

•Cold Weather Season (Winter)

•Hot Weather Season (Summer)

•Southwest Monsoon Season (Rainy)

•Season of retreating Monsoon (Autumn).

(c) Natural Vegetation:- Grasses, shrubs, and trees which grow of their own without any interference or help from mankind constitute natural vegetation.

(d) Different types of vegetation found in India:-

•Tropical Rain Forests

•Tropical Deciduous Forests

•Thorny Forests

•Mountain Vegetation

•Mangrove Forests

(f). Tropical rainforest is also called evergreen forest because they (the trees) do not shed their leaves in a particular season.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The world’s highest rainfall occurs in …………

(i) Mumbai (ii) Asansol (iii) Mawsyuram

(b) Mangrove forests can thrive in………

(i) saline water (ii) freshwater (iii)polluted water.

(c) Mahogany and rosewood trees are found in………..

(i) mangrove forests

(ii) tropical deciduous forests

(iii) tropical evergreen forests

(d) Wild goats and snow leopards are found in…………

(i) Himalayan region (ii)Peninsular region (iii) Gir forests.

(e) During the South-west monsoon period, the moisture-laden winds blow from

(i) land to sea (ii) sea to land (iii) plateau to plains.

Answers:

(a)—(iii), (b)—(i), (c)—(iii), (d)—(i), (e)—(ii).

3. Fill in the blanks.

A). Hot and dry winds are known as………… blow during the day in summers.

B). The states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of…………..

C). ……. forest in Gujarat is the home of……………

D). …………… is a well-known species of mangrove forests.

E). …………. are also called monsoon forests.

Answer:

A). loo

B). retreating monsoon

C). Gir, Asiatic lions

D). Sundari

E). Tropical deciduous forests.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India

1.  Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) Name the major physical divisions of India.
(b) India shares its land boundaries with seven countries – Name them.
(c) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea?
(d) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra
(e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital?
(f) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern Plains?
(g) Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island?
Answer:
(a) Major physical divisions of India:

• The Himalayas
• The Northern Great Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

(b) Countries sharing land boundaries with India:

• Pakistan
• Afghanistan
• China
• Nepal
• Bhutan
• Myanmar
• Bangladesh

(c) (i) Narmada
      (ii) Tapi (Tapti)
(d) Delta formed by Ganga and                               Brahmaputra: Sunderban.
(e) States: 28, Union Territories: 07.
States of Punjab, Haryana and Union Territory of Chandigarh have a common capital at Chandigarh.
(f) Large number of people live in the Northern plains because of the following reasons:

• Fertile land provides facilities for agriculture. It sustains more people.
• Means of transport and communication are developed here. They provide mobility to people.
• Opportunities for employment exist in the plains.
• Water is easily available.
• Industries provide employment (Agro-based industries)

(g) Lakshadweep is a coral island because of the following reasons:

• Climate and seawater is suitable for the growth of polyps.
• Their skeletons pile up and form islands.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as …………….

(i) Shiwaliks

(ii) Himadri

(iii) Himachal.

(b) Sahyadris is also known as …………

(i) Aravali

(ii) the Western Ghats

(iii) Himadri.

(c) The Palk Strait lies between the countries ……………

(i) Sri Lanka and Maldives

(ii) India and Sri Lanka

(iii) India and Maldives.

(d) The Indian islands in the Arabian sea are known as ……………….

(i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

(ii) Lakshadweep Islands

(iii) the Maldives

(e) The oldest mountain range in India is the ……………

(i) Aravali hills

(ii) the Western Ghats

(iii) Himalayas

Answer:

(a)—(i), (b)—(ii), (c)—(ii), (d)—(ii), (e)—(i)

3. Fill in the blanks.

a). India has an area of about…………..

b). The Greater Himalayas are also known as……………

c). The largest state in India in terms of area is……………..

d). The river Narmada falls into the……………

e). The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is ……………….

Answer:

A). 3.28 million sq. km

B). Himadri

C). Rajasthan

D). Arabian

E). The Tropic of Cancer.