NCERT Solutions For Class 7, Civics, Social Science, Chapter 6, Understanding Media
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1. In what ways does media play an important role in a democracy?
Answer: Media play an important role in democracy in the following ways:
•They make the masses know about certain issues/problems.
•They propagate the policies and programmes of the government.
•They also criticise the unpopular policies and programmes of the government.
•They help in forming the opinion of the masses.
•They also report various crimes and mishappenings, accidents, etc.
•The media also announce the opinions of the public about certain issues/problems etc.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Name various forms of communication.
Answer: Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet.
2. What does the word ‘media’ mean?
Answer: Radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, and several other forms of communication are collectively known as media.
3. Mention any one positive aspect of television.
Answer: Television has enabled us to think of ourselves as members of a larger global world.
4. Mention one way in which the mass media earns money.
Answer: The mass media earns money by advertising different things like cars, clothes, tea, etc.
5.Why are some advertisements shown repeatedly on the television screen? [V. Imp.]
Answer: Same advertisements are shown repeatedly on the television screen just to make people’s minds to go out and buy what is advertised.
6. What are the various ways through which people express their dissatisfaction to any of the government’s decision which does not go in their favour?
Answer: They do so by writing letters to the concerned minister, organising a public protest, starting a signature campaign and asking the government to rethink its programme, etc.
NCERT Solutions For Class 7 History Social Science Chapter 8 Devotional Paths To The Divine
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1. Match the following:-
A). The Buddha – namghar
B). Shankaradeva – worship of Vishnu
C). Nizamuddin Auliya – questioned social differences
D). Nayanars – Sufi saint
E). Alvars – worship of Shiva
Answer:
A). The Buddha – questioned social differences
B). Shankaradeva – namghar
C). Nizamuddin Auliya – Sufi saint
D). Nayanars – worship of Shiva
E). Alvars – worship of Vishnu
2. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Shankara was an advocate of…………..
(b) Ramanuja was influenced by the ………….
(c) ……………., ……….. and ………. were advocates of Virashaivism.
(d) ….. was an important centre of the Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.
Answer:
(a) Advaita
(b) Alvars
(c) Basavanna, Allama Prabhu, Akkamahadevi
(d) Pandharpur
3. Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis.
Answer:
•Beliefs and Practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas, and Yogis
•Criticism of ritual and other aspects of conventional religion.
•Renunciation of the world.
•Path of salvation in meditation on the formless.
•Ultimate reality and realisation of oneness.
•Intense training of mind and body through practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises, and meditation.
4. What were the major ideas expressed by Kabir? How did he express these?
Answer:
Major ideas expressed by Kabir and his way of expressing them:
•Rejection of orthodox religion and religious traditions.
•Religion was is accessible to all.
•Criticism of all external worship of Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam
•No caste system.
•Belief in formless God.
•Bhakti and devotion is the only path of salvation.
•He expressed his ideas through couplets.
5. What were the major beliefs and practices of the Sufis?
Answer:- The major beliefs and practices by the Sufis:-
•Sufis were Muslim mystics. They rejected outward religiosity and gave emphasis on love and devotion to God. They inspired people to be compassionate towards all fellow human beings.
•They rejected idol worship and considerably simplified rituals of worship into collective prayers.
•They believed that the heart can be trained to look at the world in a different way.
•They developed elaborate methods of training using zikr, meaning chanting of a name or sacred formula, contemplation, sama Le. singing, raqs, Le. dancing, discussion of parables, breath control etc. under the guidance of a master called pir.
6. Why do you think many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices?
Answer:- Yes, many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices because they had numerous shortcomings and they promoted division in society.
7. What were the major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak?
Answer:- The major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak:-
•Msyor Teachings of Baba Guru Nanak.
•Worship of one God.
•Irrelevance of caste, creed, and gender for attaining liberation.
•The pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.
•Nam, the dam, is the major essence of his teachings.
•Nam-japna, kirt-kama, and vand Chakhna basis of right belief, and worship, honest living and helping others.
•The idea of equality.
8. For either the Virashaivas or the saints of Maharashtra, discuss their attitude towards caste.
Answer: Attitude of the Virashaivas towards caste :-
They believed in the equality of all human beings. They were against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They wished for a society where people of all backgrounds could live in harmony without any feelings of high and low, rich and poor.
9. Why do you think ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai?
Answer: Mirabai was a Rajput princess married into the royal family of Mewar. But she had no interest in the worldly affair. She was an ardent devotee of Krishna and wanted to devote her time to the worship of her lord. She had no belief in princely status and other norms of high-class society. Her devotion to her deity was supreme. Hence, she left the royal palace and began to lend. Simple life with ordinary people.
NCERT Solutions for Class 6th Social Science Civics Chapter 6, Urban Administration
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1. Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?
Ans: The children broke the street-light while playing cricket. As its replacement was beyond their reach, they were very much upset. They didn’t know whom did the street light belong to. They went to Rehana’s mother who gave them the knowledge that it is the Municipal Corporation of the city that takes care of replacing lights. She also told them that Yasmin Khala would be the best person because she has just retired from the Municipal Corporation. She advised the children to go to Yasmin Khala to get their problem solved.
2. List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller.
Ans: List of four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city dweller:
•Cleaning and lighting of streets and thoroughfares.
•Supply of safe drinking water.
•Supply of electricity.
•Traffic control.
•Garbage collection and disposal.
•School, hospital and sanitation facilities.
3. Who is a Municipal Councillor?
Ans: A Municipal Councillor is an elected representative of a ward. He is also known as Ward Councillor.
4. What did Gangabai do and why?
Ans: Gangabai collected a large number of women and went to the Municipal Commissioner along with ward councilors to protest against garbage dumps all over the street.
5. How does the Municipal Corporation earn the money to do its work?
Ans: The Municipal Corporation is one of the most important organs of the three-tier government system. It is responsible for the all-round development of its designated area. It undertakes all the public facilities and welfare works like sanitation, water, road, education, health, etc. As these works require funds, so it collects revenue from the residents living in its corporation area. It levies taxes on property, water, and other services. Taxes are fixed on the measurement and consumption of the services. Taxes are levied on education and other amenities like owning a hotel, entertainment, etc.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Who was Yasmin Khala?
Ans: Yasmin Khala was a Municipal Corporation employee.
2. What had children done to the street light?
Ans: They had broken the streetlight while playing.
3. What did children want to know?
Ans: They wanted to know who did the lights on the streets belong to.
4. Whose duty is it to replace the streetlights?
Ans: It is the duty of the Municipal Corporation of the city to replace the streetlights.
5. Who takes decisions like where a park or a new hospital should go?
Ans: The Ward Councillors usually takes such decisions.
6. What is the difference between the ward Commissioner and the ward Councillors?[V. Imp.]
Ans: The Commissioner is the body elected by the councillors while the Councillors are elected by the general voters of the world.
7. What is a tax? [V. Imp.]
Ans: A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services the government provides.
8. What types of taxes people have to pay?Ans: People have to pay property tax on their homes as well as taxes for water and other services.
9. Name two departments of the Municipal Corporation. [Imp.]
Ans: Water department and garbage collection department,
10. Which advice give commissioner to Gangabai?
Ans: The Commissioner advised Gangabai to get a petition signed by all the adults in the locality saying that garbage was not being collected.
11. How can common people keep their streets clean?
Ans: They can do this by keeping dustbin/dustbins at home.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. How are complicated decisions taken? Explain with examples. [V. Imp.]
Ans: (Complicated decisions usually affect the entire city and therefore these decisions are taken by groups of Councillors who form committees to decide and debate issues. For example, if bus stands need to be improved or a crowded market place needs to have its garbage cleared more regularly, etc.
2. Write a short note on the topic ‘Sub-contracting’. [Imp.]
Ans: In recent times, in order to save money the Commissioners of several municipalities across the country had hired private contractors to collect and process garbage. This is known as Sub-Contracting. This means that the work that was earlier being done by government workers is now being done by a private company or agency. These contract workers get low salary and their jobs are temporary.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Explain the Junctions of the Ward Councillor and the Administrative staff.
Ans: The Ward Councillors are elected members. They are responsible for the welfare of the people of their wards. They listen their problems and get them solved. Sometimes, they have to take complicated decisions that affect the entire city. At such moments, groups of councillors who form committees gather together to decide and debate issues. While the Councillor’s Committees and the councillors decide on issues, the Commissioner and the administrative staff implement these decisions.
All of the Ward Councillors meet and they make a budget and the money is spent according to this. The Ward Councillors try and ensure that the particular demands of their wards are placed before the entire council. These decisions are then implemented by the administrative staff.
